Quinolinic acid {90000260}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] [#Alcoholism] [#kynurenic acid] 
• [1.2] [#kynurenine] 
  - Kyn can be metabolized either to #kynurenic acid (KYNA), with neuroprotective properties, or to the neurotoxic components quinolinic acid (QA) and #3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK)
• [#Bipolar disorder, #Major depressive disorder, #Schizophrenia] [#kynurenine] - shift in the #Tryptophan metabolism from #Serotonin to the kyn pathway is associated with BD, MDD and SZ, but only in mood disorders (BD and MDD) there was a preferential metabolism of Kyn to the potentially neurotoxic QA.
• [#Bipolar disorder] [#3-hydroxykynurenine, #kynurenic acid, #kynurenine] - individuals with BD present lower peripheral blood levels of #Tryptophan, Kyn, KYNA, xanthurenic acid (a component derived from 3-HK), KYNA/Kyn and KYNA/QA ratio
• - QA acts as an agonist toward the NMDA receptors, thus promoting excitotoxic neuronal damage.
• [1.3] [#kynurenic acid, #Picolinic acid] 
  - The #kynurenine pathway, > production of the bioactive compounds quinolinic, picolinic, kynurenic, and #Anthranilic acid
• [1.4] 
  - Specific bacterial genera, including #Catenibacterium, #Prevotellaceae, and #Enterobacteriaceae, enriched in PLWH > were strongly associated with accelerated biological #Aging. - These bacterial taxa can catabolize #Tryptophan and were correlated with elevated levels of the metabolic byproducts of #Tryptophan catabolism. Increased #Tryptophan catabolism leads to an accumulation of toxic metabolic byproducts such as #kynurenine and quinolinic acid. - These byproducts have been linked with adverse outcomes in chronic #HIV infection
• - quinolinic acid, a known neurotoxin and activator of the #N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, has been connected to neurological complications in #HIV infection.
• [1.5] 
  - 3-HAA can be converted to quinolinic acid (QA), which is further catabolized into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and #Niacin. KA and QA are both neuroactive inflammatory mediators
• [1.6] [#High Fat Diet] 
  - QA inhibits the increase of #Cholesterol, #TMA, #TMAO, CXCL13, TIMP-1 and HMGB1 levels in peripheral blood of Apoe−/− mice induced by HFD, suggesting that QA can effectively inhibit HFD-induced #Atherosclerosis.
• [#Atherosclerosis] [#High Fat Diet] - HFD induced weight gain and aortic tissue atherogenesis in Apoe−/− mice, but was inhibited by QA or low-frequency ABX treatment.
• [#Streptococcus danieliae] [#High Fat Diet] - QA can improve the intestinal flora disorder by reducing the abundance of #Streptococcus danieliae, or promoting the abundance of #Lactobacillus intestinalis and #Ileibacterium valens in HFD-induced Apoe−/− mice.

References Notes