Sphingomyelin {90000268} Record Keys Parent:[ ] Definition:Sphingomyelin Queue:[ ] Details Initialisation date:[ ] Specification: [ ]Source: [ ] Meta Information Structural Type:[ ] Functional Type:[ ] Function:[ ] Notes: [ ]Shared Reference Notes [1.1] [#Diabetes Type 2] [#Acyl-alkyl phosphatidylcholines, #Hydroxy sphingomyelin] - #Spermine, acyl-alkyl sphingomyelin, hydroxy sphingomyelin, and sphingomyelin were associated with incident type 2 diabetes in obese individuals after the adjustment for risk factors and correction of multiple comparisons by Bonferroni method. [1.2] [#Lipopolysaccharide] - Increased levels of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) associated with an altered gut microbiome may trigger the activation of sphingomyelinases (SMAse) and the hydrolysis of SM to produce #Ceramides. [1.3] - sphingomyelins act as binding sites for toxins of the enteropathogen #Helicobacter pylori. [#Human milk lipids] [#Human breast milk] - #Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and sphingomyelin contribute up to 40% of all MFGM #Phospholipids, which are subject to intra-individual variation, especially during early lactation [#Human milk lipids] [#Human breast milk] -The outer MFG membrane also contains most of the sphingomyelins, for which many bactericidal activities against human opportunistic pathogens are described. - Sphingomyelins were observed to increase gut barrier function, thereby decreasing the chances of translocation of intestinal bacteria during inflammation. - sphingosine, a hydrolytic product of sphingomyelin, reportedly showed general bactericidal activity in the GIT. [1.4] [#Diabetes Type 2, #Peripheral neuropathy] [#High Fat Diet] - #Lactobacillus, #Lachnoclostridium, and #Anaerotruncus taxa variants positively correlated with several lipid species, particularly elevated plasma sphingomyelins and sciatic nerve triglycerides.References Notes[ ]
