Histamine {60000049}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] 
  - histamine can also be produced by some strains of microorganisms, such as E. coli and Morganell morganii. Interestingly, certain bacteria are capable of regulating the synthesis of histamine by producing histidine decarboxylase (HDC), an enzyme that transforms histidine to histamine. - - Histamine is an important regulator in various immune responses, such as allergies and inflammation, and it can also modulate the motility of the gastrointestinal tract, increase the permeability of the intestinal mucosa, and affect mucosal ion secretion.
• [#Irritable bowel syndrome] - histamine level in the colon was increased in IBS cases
• [1.2] [#Prostate cancer] [#High Fat Diet, #Western-style diet] 
  - HFD promoted inflammatory PCa growth. - The expression of Hdc, the gene responsible for histamine biosynthesis, and histamine levels were upregulated in large prostate tumors of HFD-fed mice, and the number of mast cells increased around the tumor foci. - HFD intake induced gut dysbiosis, resulting in the elevation of serum #Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels. Intraperitoneal injection of LPS increased Hdc expression in PCa.
• [1.3] [#Irritable bowel syndrome] 
  - Bacterial histamine acts by attracting mast cells to the colon through activation of the histamine 4 receptor. - #Klebsiella aerogenes, present in the gut microbiota of many patients with IBS, as the main bacterial producer of histamine.
• [1.4] [#Bipolar disorder] 
  - patients with BD may have an altered histaminergic system, with upregulated histamine levels in manic phases and downregulated in #Depression
• - nearly 117 types of bacteria have been identified as major histamine producers
• - histamine production from gut microbiota appears to provide anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing TNF-α
• [1.5] 
  - In neurodegenerative diseases > histamine and other important #Neurotransmitters were synthesized in reduced amounts by the microbes with an elevated population in the diseased state. - Most of the microbes, except #Desulfovibrio, #Lactobacillus, and #Streptococcus, showed no annotation in their #Genome to synthesize histamine.
• [1.6] 
  - Metabolites associated with #Peanut #Allergy development clustered within the #Histidine metabolism pathway. - Positive correlations between microbiota, #Butyrate, and #Isovalerate and negative correlations with histamine marked the #Peanut #Allergy-free network.
• [1.7] 
  - Histamine, a potent vasodilator, is produced during #Histidine catabolism.
• - Histamine has potent immunoregulatory effects via histamine receptor activation, and there is experimental evidence that an #Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain has anti-inflammatory effects via histamine receptor activation
• [1.8] 
  - chronic headache patients presented higher histamine concentrations than healthy subjects, either during or between #Migraine attacks

References Notes