Salmonella ⇒ Salmonella typhimurium {10000155}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] 
  - S. typhimurium, an intracellular pathogen, is chemoattracted to, and retained in, tumors due to the presence of metabolites produced by quiescent #Cancer cells within the TME (Tumor Micro envirounment). - Once in the tumor, S. typhimurium continues to proliferate and directly kills #Cancer cells by triggering of apoptosis, necrosis, and cell rupture. - S. typhimurium flagellin has been found to mount the antitumor response of CD8+ T and Natural Killer (NK) cells and to reduce the frequency of regulatory T cells (Tregs)
• [1.2] [#Inflamatory bowel disease] 
  - adherent-invasive #Escherichia coli (AIEC), and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium > induce inflammation (through elevated T helper (TH) 1 and TH17 immune responses) in IBD animal model > fibrosis development. - in patients with #Crohn’s disease, AIEC strains > ileal mucosa > trigger the initiation or perpetuation of the inflammatory disease.
• [1.3] [#Short Chain Fatty Acid] 
  - SCFAs have been confirmed to display antibacterial activity by disturbing the intracellular acid-alkaline balance or acylating certain virulence factors of Salmonella typhimurium
• [1.4] [#Inflamatory bowel disease] [#Akkermansia muciniphila] [#Antibiotic Therapy] 
  - Conditions like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Salmonella typhimurium infection or post-antibiotic reconstitution may not benefit from #Akkermansia supplementation. - using #Akkermansia in patients with endocrine and gynecological disorders—such as #Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or #Endometriosis—that have a higher risk of developing IBD, should be critically evaluated. - the gut microbiota of patients suffering from #Parkinson’s Disease or #Multiple Sclerosis exhibits a characteristic signature of #Akkermansia municiphila abundance.
• [1.5] 
  - increased abundance of #Salmonella in the gut microbiome of patients with #Gallbladder cancer (GBC) and culturable #Salmonella Typhimurium from their GBC tissue. - Comparative genomics of S. Typhimurium isolated from GBC tissue showed a high invasive index. S. Typhimurium isolates harbored horizontally acquired potential virulence functions in their accessory genome. - Chronic S. Typhimurium infection displayed inflammation, pre-neoplastic changes and tumor promoting mechanisms in a mouse model with gallbladder stones, including activation of the epigenetic modulator Kdm6b. Inhibition of Kdm6B reduced tumor size in NOZ cells engrafted in SCID-mice.
• [1.6] [#Pantothenic acid] 
  - Various bacteria, including #Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and #Corynebacterium glutamicum, can synthesize vitamin B5. - They use aspartate and intermediate metabolites of #Valine biosynthesis to produce vitamin B5
• [1.7] 
  - attenuated S. Typhimurium systemically administered to a mouse model of #Melanoma featured a sustained ability to invade tumor cells. - Prior vaccination of mice that generated Salmonella-specific T cells resulted in a substantial improvement in tumor load.

References Notes