Lantibiotics {90000297}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] [#Staphylococcus hominis] 
  - S. hominis is another CoNS that produces lantibiotics, a class of cyclic AMPs containing lanthionine and methyllanthionine
• [1.2] [#Streptococcus mutans] 
  - oral lantibiotics (it has a considerable antimicrobial effect on intestinal gram-positive bacteria) produced by S. mutans decrease the diversity of intestinal microbes and reduce the abundance of #Firmicutes
• [1.3] 
  - the lantibitoic #Nisin binds to the lipid II, which is responsible for #Peptidoglycan synthesis, thus interfering with cell wall biosynthesis of target bacteria. In addition, its C-terminal region leads to the formation of pores that result in membrane disruption and efflux of bacterial metabolites necessary for growth.
• [1.4] 
  - Lantibiotics are ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptides (RiPPs) that are produced by bacteria.
• [1.5] 
  - Othe peptide antimicrobials include the #Colicins of #Escherichia coli, the #Pyocins of #Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the #Halocins of #Halobacteria, #Subtilin of #Bacillus subtilis, the lantibiotics of #Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and other #Bacteriocins.
• [1.6] 
  - Epilancins constitute an until now underexplored family of lantibiotics with an unknown ecological role and unresolved mode of action. - an epilancin in the nasal isolate #Staphylococcus epidermidis A37 specifically active against natural corynebacterial competitors. - A37 enters the corynebacterial cytoplasm through a partially transmembrane-potential-driven uptake without impairing the cell membrane function. - A37 induces the formation of intracellular membrane vesicles, which are heavily loaded with the compound and are essential for the antibacterial activity of the epilancin.

References Notes