Branched short-chain fatty acids ⇒ Isobutyric acid {90000386}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] [#Branched short-chain fatty acids, #Isovaleric acid] [#High-protein diet] 
  - Both isobutyric and isovaleric acids are BSCFAs, which are produced by fermentation of #Branched-chain amino acids by intestinal flora. Milk and dairy products are unique dietary sources of BCFAs. - Higher levels of BCFAs are produced when eating a high-protein/low-carbohydrate diet
• [#Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), #Pregnancy] [#Branched-chain amino acids, #Short Chain Fatty Acid] In GDM: - Isobutyric, isovaleric, valeric, and hexanoic acids were significantly higher in the GDM. - isobutyric acid significantly correlated with urea and blood glucose at 1 and 2 hours after OGTT; fasting blood glucose, blood glucose at 2 hours after OGTT. - urea/creatinine ratio positively correlated with #Valeric acid. - blood glucose at 2 hours after OGTT positively correlated with #Caproic acid. - white blood cell count positively correlated with #Propionic acid. - Significantly elevated isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid in pregnant women with GDM may be associated with insulin resistance caused by BCFAs.
• [#Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy (ICP), #Pregnancy] [#Short Chain Fatty Acid] In the ICP - isobutyric acids levels were higher, while acetic, propionic, butyric, isovaleric, valeric, and hexanoic acids levels were significantly lower. - isobutyric acid and #Hexanoic acid showed significant correlations with each clinical indicator. - Hemoglobin, white blood cells count, albumin, gestational weeks at delivery, fetal birth weight, and BMI were positively correlated with #Hexanoic acid. - total BAs and ALT were negatively correlated with #Hexanoic acid - isobutyric acid showed the opposite trend with #Hexanoic acid. - #Valeric acid positively correlated with hemoglobin and negatively correlated with total BA and ALT. - #Caproic acid and isobutyric acid might be potential biomarkers
• [#Preeclamsia (PE), #Pregnancy] [#Short Chain Fatty Acid] in PE: - #Acetic acid, #Propionic acid, isobutyric acid, and valeric acids levels were significantly higher in the PE group. - the systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, urea/creatinine ratio, and total BA of pregnant women significantly positively correlated with #Acetic acid, #Propionic acid, isobutyric acid, and #Valeric acid. - urea positively correlated with #Acetic acid and isobutyric acid. - white blood cell count and gestational age negatively correlated with #Acetic acid, #Propionic acid, isobutyric acid, and #Valeric acid. - total cholesterol negatively correlated with #Propionic acid and isobutyric acid. - the percentage of neutrophils and fetal birth weight negatively correlated with isobutyric acid and #Valeric acid. - #Acetic acid and #Propionic acid have high diagnostic value for PE.

References Notes