Branched short-chain fatty acids ⇒ Isovaleric acid {90000367}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] 
  - Fecal levels of isovaleric acid positively correlated with an average of morning and mid-day salivary cortisol measurements. - #Depression symptoms positively correlated with fecal levels of isovaleric acid
• [1.2] [#Branched short-chain fatty acids, #Isobutyric acid] [#High-protein diet] 
  - Both isobutyric and isovaleric acids are BSCFAs, which are produced by fermentation of #Branched-chain amino acids by intestinal flora. Milk and dairy products are unique dietary sources of BCFAs. - Higher levels of BCFAs are produced when eating a high-protein/low-carbohydrate diet
• [1.3] 
  - norepinephrine, indole, #Indole-3-aldehyde, isovaleric acid, #Butyric acid, and #Isobutyric acid stimulate #Serotonin release from enterochromaffin cells.
• [1.4] [#Cancer] [#Acetic acid, #Butyric acid, #Isobutyric acid, #Isocaproic acid] 
  - aciduric #Peptostreptococcus stomatis produces acetic, butyric, isobutyric, isovaleric, and isocaproic acids. - Production of such acids may contribute to the acidic and hypoxic microenvironment of tumors, thereby increasing metastatic efficiency
• [1.5] [#Autism] [#Caproic acid, #Isobutyric acid, #Propionic acid, #Short Chain Fatty Acid, #Valeric acid] 
  - higher levels of propionic and valeric acids as well as the sum of minor SCFA (isobutyric + isovaleric + valeric + caproic acids) were found in ASD at the age 4–7 years, but these differences disappeared at the age of 8–10 year

References Notes