TNF-alfa {90000515}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] [#Lipopolysaccharide] 
  - In healthy individuals, #Bilophila was negatively correlated with LPS-induced production of TNF-α
• [#Depression] - #Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produced by #Veillonella could stimulate the release of TNF-α, IL-1, #IL-6 and #IL-10 within Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways
• - oral administration of #Parabacteroides distasonis could reduce the production of TNF-α
• [1.2] [#Otitis Media] [#Candida albicans] [#IL-1b] 
  - introducing C. albicans into the guts of mice, a greater degree of ear swelling occurred accompanied by higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, #IL-6 and TNF-α) in the ear
• [1.3] 
  - anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and #IL-10) and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-a, #IL-1b, #IL-2, #IL-6, #IL-8, #IL-12, #IL-17, and #IL-18) are significantly changed by #Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG)
• - #Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG is known to strengthen the gut permeability barrier by fortifying intestinal tight junctions, mucin layer thickness, and antigen-specific immunoglobulin A production. - L. rhamnosus GG administrated participants showed a significant decrease in the serum levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (#IL-6, #IL-12 p70, and TNF-α).
• [1.4] [#IL-1b, #Lipopolysaccharide] 
  - #Fusobacterium nucleatum LPS-activated inflammatory cytokines are include IL-1β, #IL-6, and TNF-α. The chronic inflammatory process leads to the loss of periodontal attachment and tissue damage
• [#IL-1b] - Periodontal pathogens affect growth of local concentrations of various cytokines including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), #IL-6, #IL-17, #IL-23, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and matrix metalloproteinases MMP-8 and MMP-9
• - TNF-α strongly induces the production of reactive oxygen compounds, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, and metalloproteinases. - TNF leads to a reduction in the number of osteogenic cells and fibroblasts. - In contrast to high doses of TNF-α, which are related to tumor destruction, exposure to low doses of this molecule are related to tumor promotion. - Activation of oncogenic signaling pathways in epithelial cells, including Wnt and NF-κB, is critical for TNF-α-induced tumor growth. - TNF-α possesses the ability to induce DNA damage by production of #Reactive Oxygen Species. - TNF-α has been shown to influence processes of motility and invasion by induction of MMPs expression and simulation of the production of various angiogenic factors, such as interleukin-8, VEGF, and basic fibroblast growth factor
• [1.5] [#Chronic kidney disease] 
  - combined exposure of #TMAO and TNF-α can increase fibronectin release from renal fibroblasts. - Several studies indicate that #TMAO exacerbates tubulointerstitial #Fibrosis and renal inflammation in CKD. - neither #TMAO nor TNF-α alone increased fibronectin release from renal fibroblasts. - #TMAO and TNF-α alone or in combination increased total collagen production. - the combination of #TMAO and TNF-α can increase fibronectin release compared to TNF-α alone. - Fibronectin, a high molecular weight glycoprotein with adhesive properties, holds a pivotal function in both wound-healing processes and the formation of extracellular matrix - TNF-α and #TMAO induced increased fibroblast proliferation and that the combination of TNF-α 1 ng/ml and #TMAO induced increased cell proliferation compared to TNF-α alone. - both #TMAO and TNF-α mediate their proliferative and collagen inducing effects on renal fibroblast via Akt, mTOR and ERK, but not PI3K.

References Notes