Calprotectin {60000069}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] [#Inflamatory bowel disease] 
  - Gut metagenomic profiles of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are highly correlated with fecal calprotectin levels, a biomarker for severity of inflammation in IBD.
• [1.2] [#Parkinson’s Disease] 
  - detection of calprotectin, a faecal marker of inflammation by ELISA, may be helpful in detecting early signs of the activated colonic immune system in PD
• [1.3] [#Parkinson’s Disease] 
  - Other possible inflammatory markers of PD are calprotectin and #Zonulin. - The first is a marker of inflammation, while the second is a junction protein, which, if modulated by proinflammatory signals (e.g., LPS), can lead to an increase in intestinal membrane permeability. - both fecal and serum levels of calprotectin and #Zonulin are elevated in patients with PD
• [1.4] [#Multiple Sclerosis] 
  - fecal #Lipocalin-2 (Lcn-2), a biomarker of intestinal inflammation, was significantly elevated and predominantly produced by the gut-infiltrating neutrophils. - The elevation of fecal Lcn-2 levels correlated with reduced bacterial diversity and increased levels of other intestinal inflammation markers including neutrophil elastase and calprotectin.
• [1.5] 
  - cCLP as a key molecule of inflammation, which is not synthesized in the liver but produced by activated neutrophils in damaged tissues.
• - High cCLP serum levels are associated with worse structural outcomes in #Rheumatoid Arthritis and to a lesser extent, in #Spondyloarthritis.
• [1.6] [#Systemic lupus erythematosus] 
  - In SLE patients, increased fecal albumin and calprotectin were found in the stool sample
• [1.7] 
  - faecal calprotectin reaches the gut via migration of neutrophils into gastrointestinal tissues due to inflammatory processes
• [#Clostridium difficile associated disease, #Clostridium difficile infection] - Elevated calprotectin levels correlated significantly with R-CDI
• [#Clostridium difficile associated disease, #Clostridium difficile infection] - patients who are likely to develop R-CDI have higher levels of calprotectin, together with a higher abundance of #Fusobacterium and lower abundance of #Senegalimassilia, #Prevotella and #Ruminococcus.
• [1.8] [#Inflamatory bowel disease] 
  - IBD is associated with several biochemical and hematological changes, which are often used to support the diagnostic process, including vitamin and mineral deficiencies,13,14 anemia,15 increases in inflammatory markers, including #C-reactive protein (CRP) and fecal calprotectin (f-cal), and/or clinically measurable manifestations of associated liver disease. - the median values for all blood test results (indeed, all test results apart from fecal calprotectin) were within their respective normal ranges

References Notes