Meat-based diet {51111185}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] 
  - #Eubacterium rectale subspecies harboring flagellin-encoding genes were associated with a predominantly meat-based diet
• [1.2] [#Ulcerative Colitis] 
  - Red meat is metabolized by intestinal bacteria with production of branched-chain amino acids and toxic elements like hydrogen sulfide, nitrous compounds, amines, and ammonia that induce DNA damage of eucaryotic cells and promote colon inflammation in murine models. - Large epidemiological data confirmed the association between high consumption of red meat and risk of IBD development, in particular UC , where it was found to affect also the relapse risk.
• [1.3] 
  - Animal-based regimen decreases the #Firmicutes
• [1.4] 
  - Chronic dietary red meat > increases systemic #TMAO levels through: (i) enhanced dietary precursors; (ii) increased microbial TMA/#TMAO production from carnitine, but not choline; and (iii) reduced renal #TMAO excretion. - Discontinuation of dietary red meat reduces plasma #TMAO within 4 weeks.
• [1.5] [#γ-butyrobetaine] 
  - Meat-based diet > L-carnitine > Gut microbial transformation >intermediate γ-butyrobetaine (γBB) > trimethylamine (TMA) > TMAO - Plasma γBB levels in individuals > strongly associated with incident #CVD event risks. - #Emergencia timonensis > metabolize γBB into TMA > complete the carnitine → γBB → TMA transformation > elevate TMAO levels > enhance thrombosis
• [1.6] [#Atherosclerosis, #Hearth attack] [#Carnitine, #Crotonobetaine, #TMAO, #γ-butyrobetaine] 
• [1.7] [#Multiple Sclerosis] [#Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron] 
  - Specific feature association analysis identified a potential correlation network linking meat servings with decreased gut microbe B. thetaiotaomicron, increased Th17 cell and greater abundance of meat-associated blood metabolites.
• [1.8] [#Egg Consumption] 
  - dietary #Choline or L-#Carnitine, which are found in foods such as meat and eggs, are metabolized by the gut microbiota into #TMA in the intestine. - #TMA enters the blood circulation and is transformed into #TMAO in the liver.
• [1.9] 
  - The animal meat-derived metabolites #Carnitine, #Choline, or #Phosphocholine (PC) are degraded by gut bacteria to trimethylamine (#TMA), which is further metabolized in the liver to trimethylamine N-oxide (#TMAO)
• [#Diabetes Type 2, #Metabolic associated fatty liver disease] - Consumption of processed meat, red meat, soda, biscuits, and cakes has been linked to insulin resistance and NAFLD.
• [1.11] 
  - a strict #Vegan diet led to an increase in #Coprococcus levels, while a meat-rich diet (>150 g of meat per day) resulted in a decrease
• [1.12] 
  - #D-ribose (RIB) is a naturally occurring monosaccharide that is found in #Riboflavin-containing foods such as #Wheat bran, eggs, and meat.
• [1.13] [#Inflamatory bowel disease] [#Alcohol Consumption, #Dark chocolate] 
  - diet with citrus fruit, processed meat, #Gluten, chocolate, #Coffee, and alcoholic beverages are pointed out as dietary risk factors for both #Migraine and IBD in several studies
• [1.14] 
  - #TMA is synthesized from #Choline found in eggs, red meat or fish and is subsequently transformed in the liver into its active metabolite trimethylamine Noxide (#TMAO), which eventually acts as a neuronal protein stabilizer.

References Notes