Grape seed {51111400}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] [#Alzheimer’s disease] 
  - the production of bioactive #Phenolic acids derived from the anthocyanin-rich GSPE is dependent on the microbiota, and two of the microbiota-derived metabolites 3-hydroxybenzoic acid and 3-(3′-hydroxyphenyl) #Propionic acid accumulate in micromolar concentrations in the brain where they can interfere with the assembly of #Amyloid-beta peptides.
• [#Catechins] - Grape seed #Polyphenol extract (GSPE) is a rich source of flavan-3-ols including catechin, epicatechin, and #Anthocyanins which were shown to produce a variety of bioavailable #Phenolic acids both in the plasma and brain.
• - #Catechins and #Epicatechins are major constituents of #Grape seed extracts and the production of their bioactive metabolites is dependent on the presence of the microbiota
• - the #Clostridium histolyticum group was inhibited indicating that specific gut bacteria are responsible for the metabolism of grape seed flavan-3-ols.
• - Grape seed > the growth of #Lactobacillus and #Enterococcus spp. were elevated. - These changes in the gut microbiota were associated with increases in #4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, #Phenylpropionic acid, #Phenylacetic acid and #4-hydroxybenzoic acid

References Notes