Vitamin A {90000286} Record Keys Parent:[ ] Definition:Vitamin A Queue:[ ] Details Initialisation date:[ ] Specification: [ ]Source: [ ] Meta Information Structural Type:[ ] Functional Type:[ ] Function:[ ] Notes: [ ]Shared Reference Notes [1.1] [#β-caroten] - Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) results in intestinal inflammation, increased redox stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, imbalanced inflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokines, compromised barrier function, and perturbations of the gut microbiome. - #Dietary β-carotene also modified the taxonomic profile of the fecal microbiome, but only under VAD. [1.2] [#Citrobacter rodentium] - Commensal segmented filamentous bacteria protect against C. rodentium infection - Commensal bacteria express enzymes that generate #Retinoic acid in the intestine - Commensal bacterial-derived #Retinoic acid promotes epithelial defense in the host [1.3] - the predominant anti-inflammatory bacteria in the Vitamin A Normal group are #Akkermansia and #Verrucomicrobiales, while the anti-inflammatory bacterial communities in the VAS group belong to the genus #Desulfovibrio. [#Amyloid-beta] - a deficiency in vitamin A leads to an elevation in serum pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and #IL-6 in APP/PS1 mice. - supplementation of vitamin A results in a decrease in these cytokines. - TNF-α has the ability to stimulate γ-secretase activity, which subsequently leads to an increased synthesis of Aβ peptides [#Cognitive impairment] [#Amyloid-beta] - 12-week vitamin A-deficient diet resulted in decreased serum retinol levels, impaired cognition, and increased Aβ pathologies in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. [#Cognitive impairment] [#Amyloid-beta] - a vitamin A-enriched diet led to higher serum retinol levels, preserved cognition, and reduced Aβ pathologies in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. - the predominant pro-inflammatory bacteria in the Vitamin A Deficit group consist of microbial communities such as #Parabacteroides and #Tannerellaceae. - Dietary vitamin A has the ability to influence the transcriptome of the intestine, thereby affecting the regulation of intestinal permeability and the release of inflammatory factors. - inadequate vitamin A levels can augment intestinal permeability, whereas vitamin A supplementation can ameliorate this phenomenonReferences Notes[ ]
