Neonate {51111321} Record Keys Definition:Neonate Queue:[ ] Details Initialisation date:[ ] Specification: [ ] Meta Information Type:[ ] Host:[ ] Zone:[ ] Notes: [ ]Shared Reference Notes [1.1] - Although the microbiota in neonates is established at birth, it will shape throughout the next 3 years of life due to environmental factors such as diet, antibiotics, hygiene, and the built environment [1.2] - there is a critical neurodevelopmental window shortly after birth, where dysbiosis can have severe long-term consequences to hippocampal function and so learning and memory via altered microbiomes and their metabolites. [1.3] [#Vaginally delivery] - Infant gut metabolomes were less diverse than maternal but featured hundreds of unique metabolites and microbe-metabolite associations not detected in mothers. - delivery mode, breastfeeding, use and type of infant formula, and prior antibiotics significantly influenced infant microbiomes or metabolomes for at least one sampling time point. - Early infant colonizers #Streptococcus thermophilus and #Lactobacillus acidophilus transiently expanded around the time of delivery, whereas #Anaerotruncus colihominis, a species with potential immunomodulatory properties was fleetingly reduced. [1.4] [#Infants] - Νeonates normally possess a high relative frequency of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), CD4+ forkhead box P3 (FOXP3)+ regulatory T (Treg) cells and regulatory B cells with a polyreactive immunoglobulin repertoire, as well as high IL-10 and IL-27 levels. - This initial period of immune tolerance facilitates gut colonization with organisms that, in turn, are indispensable for subsequent development of the immune system and the maintenance of an intact gut barrier [1.5] - Pre- and postnatal maternal #Glyphosate exposure in mice increased level of #Acetic acid in the offspring’s faecal samples [1.6] [#Serotonin] - in neonates > 5-HT directly alters T cell metabolism to promote the differentiation of Tregs and thereby long-term immune tolerance toward both dietary antigens and commensal bacteria. References Notes[ ]
